中文字幕在线免费网站，中文字幕高清在线免费播放，中文字幕在线免费看线人，中文字幕在线观看，在线的，免费网站永久入口视频，中文字幕，视频w日本m免费2019中文字幕乱码免费,在线视频，在线永久地址视频2019，中文字幕视频免费2019，2019中文文字在线高清视频MV，中文字幕在线视频，中文字幕在线2019，中文字幕在线看线人动作大片， 亚洲文字幕，在线中文字幕100页， 日本中文字幕视频网址，中文字幕在线观看视频，免费视频， 亚洲永久免费中文字幕，中文字幕永久视频在线，国产中文字幕在线视频，中文字母在线免费观看视频网站，中文 在线 免费，2019亚洲影视中文字幕，中文字幕AV免费看网站，无中文字幕免费，视屏，在线观看中文字幕，中文字慕视频在线免费，亚洲视频在线播放网站，中文字幕在线观看线人，中文字摹在线观看，免费在线视频中文字幕，中日韩高清视频免费看，中文字幕组在线观看，在线观看，中文字幕在线免费视频，中文乱码字视频在线，亚洲视频中文永久网，在线，无人区中文字幕高清，中文字幕视频网站，亚洲视频在线观看中文字幕，中文字在线视频，最新国产中文字幕2019，在线观看免费中文字幕，日中文字幕，观看视频，亚洲高清在线观看视频，中文字幕永久免费在线观看，亚洲视频网站网址，中文在线中文a，中文字在线乱码，免费中文字幕，中文字幕在线，快手网红福利费在线观看，中文字幕在线免费，字幕网在线观看入口，日本中文字幕作品在线播放，字幕在线免费网站，中文字幕永久有效，中文字幕2019，中文乱码永久播放视频||www.fsqpc.cn,寡妇高潮一级毛片免费看,亚洲精品www久久久久久,亚洲日韩精品欧美一区二区一,久久久久久高清一级毛片免费,久久久久天堂亚洲AV无码社区||www.mohair.com.cn ,2021久久精品国产99国产精品-小说区 亚洲 自拍 另类-日韩亚洲av无码一区二区不卡-精品无码一区二区三区爱欲九九-国产乱人伦精品一区二区在线观看||www.olyouxi.cn ,粉嫩虎白女在线观看中国女_天天摸日日碰天天看_国产在线v欧美在线TV_国产伦人人人人人人性||www.zhlslm.cn

Journal: Food Science and Human Wellness, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 1526-1537

Akkermansia muciniphila, one of the most promising next-generation probiotics, was reported to exhibit beneficial modulatory effects on the gut barrier. However, the strain-specific and underlying regulatory mechanisms of this species on gut barrier function were not well studied. Therefore, this study evaluated the protective effect of A. muciniphila strains on the intestinal barrier and investigated the mode of action and material basis of this modulatory effect. We first confirmed the strain-specific effects of A. muciniphila on intestinal barrier regulation and found that this phenomenon may be explained by the different abilities of strains to affect tight junction protein expression in enterocytes. Comparative genomic analysis proved that the ability of A. muciniphila to regulate the intestinal barrier was exerted in part by the functional genes (such as COG0438, COG0463, and COG2244) related to the synthesis of cellular surface proteins. The role of these surface proteins in intestinal barrier regulation was further verified by strain-comparative experiments in animal and cell models and surface protein removal trials. This study confirmed the different effects of A. muciniphila strains on gut barrier modulation and provided molecular and genetic targets for the screening of A. muciniphila strains with superior protection against gut barrier dysfunction.
 

Studies have shown that cannabinoid CB2 receptors are involved in wound repair, however, its physiological roles in fibrogenesis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the capacity of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in the regulation of skin fibrogenesis during skin wound healing was investigated. To assess the function of cannabinoid CB2 receptors, skin excisional BALB/c mice were treated with either the cannabinoid CB2 receptor selective agonist, GP1a, or antagonist, AM630. Skin fibrosis was assessed by histological analysis and profibrotic cytokines were determined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, reverse transcription?quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting in these animals. GP1a decreased collagen deposition, reduced the levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)?β1, TGF?β receptor I (TβRI) and phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (P?Smad3), but elevated the expression of its inhibitor, Smad7. By contrast, AM630 increased collagen deposition and the expression levels of TGF?β1, TβRI and P?Smad3. These results indicated that cannabinoid CB2 receptors modulate fibrogenesis and the TGF?β/Smad profibrotic signaling pathway during skin wound repair in the mouse.

Cell Invasion and Migration Assays

Boyden chamber (CORNING, USA) was coated with 30?μl rat tail tendon collagen type I (PERFEMIKER, #C20-200110), incubated for 30?min at 37°C.  cells were seeded into chambers and cultured in DMEM/F12 with 2% FBS, and the lower chamber medium contains 10% FBS. After 20?hr, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, and the nonmigrated cells were removed with cotton swabs. The migrated cells on the bottom were stained with crystal violet and counted. Invasion assays were repeated six times over multiple days.

For the wound-healing assay, horizontal lines were drawn on the back of 12-well plates at a spacing of 0.5~1?cm using a marker pen, with at least 5 lines pass through each well plate. When cells were grown to 70% confluence in 12 well tissue culture dish, a single scratch was made perpendicular to the horizontal lines, using a 10?μl pipette tip. Cells were then rinsed with PBS and incubated in serum-free medium with different concentrations of ITE (0.1?nM, 1?nM, 10?nM, 100?nM, 1000?nM, and 100000?nM) or 0.02% DMSO (SIGMA, #D5879) for 20?hr. Images were captured at 0?hr and 20?hr at the same position of cross points of horizontal lines and scratch. Using ImageJ, the wound in each image was identified using the magic wand tool, and the area measured by the ROI function. Wound-healing assays were carried out in three batches of the experiment. In a batch, each treatment was replicated in three wells, quantified by measuring two or three fields per well.